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erythrocytes
ERYTHROCYTES (RED BLOOD CELLS) Biconcave discs without nuclei Biconcave shape has greater surface area than cube or sphere (30% more surface area than comparable spherical cell) Total surface area of RBCs = 1500X surface area of body Plasma membrane consists of protein (stromatin) and lipids (lecithin and cholesterol) Cells are soft, flexible (may be due to protein spectrin on cytoplasmic side of membrane) and elastic Can squeeze through passages narrower than their own diameter RBCs live an average of 100-120 days 30 trillion RBCs in adult-most abundant cell type in body Produced at rate of 2 million per second 4.5 to 5.5 million RBCs per cubic mm blood-the major factor contributing to blood viscosity Adult males - average 5.4 million (+ or - 600,000) per cubic mm Higher value in male due to his higher rate of metabolism-also testosterone enhances erythropoietin formation by kidneys Women - average 4.8 million (+ or - 500,000) per cubic mm Each RBC is about 1/3 hemoglobin by volume (discounting its water content, a RBC is over 97% hemoglobin) RBCs evolved to trap hemoglobin and hold it in circulation - otherwise it could pass through the wall of a capillary and be lost from circulation 200 to 300 million hemoglobin molecules in each RBC RBCs lack mitochondria and generate ATP anaerobically-they do not consume the oxygen they transport Each hemoglobin molecule can unite with 4 oxygen molecules to form oxyhemoglobin Each RBC can carry about 1 billion oxygen molecules Oxygen attaches to heme, CO2 is carried by globulin (about 23% of CO2 in blood) In absence of oxygen, hemoglobin turns somewhat blue Hemoglobin carries over 98% of oxygen in blood - 2% is in solution in the plasma In adults 100 ml of blood contains an average of 15.6 g hemoglobin Men - 14.9 (+ or -1.5 g) Women - 13.7 (+ or -1.5 g) At birth - 17.2 g (21.5 + or - 3 g) Adult with a hemoglobin content less than 12 g / 100 ml is considered anemic Adult with more than 17.5 g / 100 ml has polycythemia
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