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PLATELETS (THROMBOCYTES)
PLATELETS (THROMBOCYTES) Thrombo clot; cyte - cell Are fragments of cytoplasm of megakaryocytes formed in red bone marrow Hemocytoblasts - megakaryoblasts - megakaryocytes - platelets 250,000 - 400,000 per cubic mm of blood (Average = 300,000) Average life span of 5-9 days Cytoplasm contains: Alpha granules-contain clotting factors and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) which stimulates endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts to proliferate to repair damaged blood vessel walls Dense granules contain ADP, ATP and serotonin Enzyme systems that produce prostaglandins Fibrin-stabilizing factor which helps strengthen a blood clot Initiate hemostasis - stop bleeding 3 mechanisms to prevent blood loss: 1. Vascular spasm - when blood vessel is damaged, smooth muscle contracts for up 2. Platelet plug formation 3. Clotting or coagulation Contact with collagen fibers of vascular wall changes the form of platelets - they enlarge and become irregular Processes protrude from their surface and they become sticky Stick to collagen fibers Once attached, thromboxane A2 (a prostaglandin derivative) is generated from lipids in platelet membranes-causes release of serotonin and ADP Aspirin inhibits formation of thromboxane ADP acts on nearby platelets to make them sticky This produces a soft platelet plug which becomes tight when reinforced by fibrin threads The plug is limited to the immediate area by the prostaglandin PGI2 or prostacyclin-an inhibitor of platelet aggregation produced by endothelial cells This mechanism takes care of minute capillary ruptures that occur hundreds of times each day Platelets release serotonin (vasoconstrictor) and a platelet factor which initiates reactions that lead to Platelets then cause the clot to shrink, squeezing out serum – they contain contractile actomyosin Thrombocytopenia - a deficiency of platelets (less than 50,000-100,000/cubic mm) Causes excessive bleeding
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